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The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union approved the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (Regulation (EU) 2016/279) which became enforceable on May 25, 2018. Because personal information, including health information, is collected during clinical trials, knowing and understanding the GDPR is critical for running clinical trials in the European Union. Penalties for infringements of specific provisions of the Regulation can reach up to 4% of a company’s total worldwide turnover (i.e., gross revenue).